From the Council on Foreign Relations:
A few days after the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Washington Post all admitted that their computer networks had been attacked, apparently by China-based hackers, it seems fair to say that both sides agree the “naming and shaming” approach to the problem is not working. The United States can call China out, but it has no real affect on behavior.
In one of the interviews she did in her last days as secretary of state, Hillary Clinton said that “We have to begin making it clear to the Chinese—they’re not the only people hacking us or attempting to hack us—that the United States is going to have to take action to protect not only our government, but our private sector, from this kind of illegal intrusions.”